References

(organised alphabetically by section)

THE QUESTION

Ball, Bruce (2015) The Landscape Below: Soil, soul and agriculture. UK, Iona; Wild Goose Publications

Foresight. The Future of Food and Farming (2011)  Final Project Report.  The Government Office for Science, London

Fraser Darling, Frank (1955) West Highland Survey.  London: Oxford University Press

Hunter, James (1974) Making of the Crofting Community.  Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers

Napier Commission (1884) Her Majesty’s Commissioners of Inquiry into the Condition of the Crofters and Cottars of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland.  Report and Minutes of Evidence London: HMSO

Okruzko H., Illnicki P. (2003) The Moorsh Horizons as Quality Indicators of Reclaimed Organic Soils.  In: (Parent L.E. and Illnicki P. eds.) Organic Soils and Peat Materials for Sustainable Agriculture.  Florida, USA: CRC Press

Yoccuz N.G. (1991) Use, Overuse and Misuse of Significance Tests in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology.  Ecological Society of America Bulletin / 1991 vol. 72: 106-111

THE SCIENCE

Fraser Darling, Frank (1955) West Highland Survey.  London: Oxford University Press

Jones, Gwyn (2011)  Trends in Common Grazing.  European Forum on Nature Conservation and Pastoralism

Schulte, R.P.O., Richards, K., Daly, K., Kurz, I., McDonald E.J., & Holden (2006)  Agriculture, Meteorology and  Water Quality in Ireland:  A regional evaluation of pressures and pathways of nutrient loss to  water.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Vol. 106B, No. 2: 117-133

Scottish Government (2006) Scotland’s Soil Resource: Current State and Threats. www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/09/21115639/12

Soil Survey of Scotland (1982)  Vol. 8: Organisation and Methods of the 1:250,000 Soil Survey of Scotland.  Aberdeen: University Press

Soil Survey of Scotland (1984) vol.2: The Outer Hebrides.  Aberdeen: University Press

von Post L., Granlund L.E. (1926) Södra Sveriges Torvtillgånger, I.  Sver.Geo.Unders. C35, 19 (2)

THE IMPLICATIONS

Berry,  Wendell (2006) An Introduction to Soils and Health.  Hudson Review vol. 29 no.2

Berry, Wendell (2009)  Bringing it to the Table: On Food and Farming.  USA, Berkeley: Counterpoint

Cowie, J. (1852)  Report on Reclaiming and Manuring Peat-Moss. In:  Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, Edinburgh

Davis AS, Hill JD, Chase CA, Johanns AM, Liebman M (2012) Increasing Cropping System Diversity Balances Productivity, Profitability and Environmental Health. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47149. doi: 10. 1371/journal.pone.0047149

Howard, Sir A. (1945) The Soil and Health.  USA: Devin-Adair Co.

Hunter, James (1974) Making of the Crofting Community.  Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers

IAASTD (2009) Agriculture at a Crossroads. UNEP

Jackson, Wes (2010)  Consulting the Genius of the Place: an ecological approach to a new agriculture. USA, Berkeley: Counterpoint

Ogg, W.G. &  MacLeod, A. (1930) Reclamation and Cultivation of Peatland in Lewis. Scottish Journal of Agriculture, vol. XIII (no. 2), 1-13.

Pimental D, Pimental M (1996) Food, Energy and Society. Niwot: Colorado University Press.

Salatin, J. (2010) The Sheer Ecstasy of Being a Lunatic Farmer. self-published, Polyface.

Scottish Natural Heritage (2011) Flanders Moss. www.snh.org.us/publications/on-line/designated areas/nnrs/FlandersMoss/Flanders.

REFERENCE (Terminology for Organic Soils)

Australian National Botanical Garden (2010) Australian Bryophytes.  www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/ecology-sphagnum.html

Avery, R.W. (1990) Soils of the British Isles. Cambridge: University Press

Bascomb C.L., Banfield C.F., Burton R.G.O., (1977) Characterisation of Peaty Materials from Organic Soils (Histosol) in England and Wales  Geoderma 19: 131-147

Brandyk T., Szatylowitcz J., Oleszczuk R., Gnatowski T. (2003)  Water-related Physical Attributes of Organic Soils.  In: (Parent L.E. and Illnicki P. eds.) Organic Soils and Peat Materials for Sustainable Agriculture.  Florida, USA: CRC Press

Buckman H.O., Brady N.C. (1972) The Nature and Properties of Soils. New York:  The MacMillan Company

Carmichael A. (1883) Grazing and Agrestic Customs of the Outer Hebrides.  In: Napier Commission on Crofting.  Edinburgh: the Crown: 451-482

Conry M.J., Diamond J.J. (1971)  Proposed Classification of Plaggen Soils.  Pedologie XXI, 2: 152-161

Conry M.J. (1972)  Pedological Evidence of Man’s Role in Soil Profile Modification in Ireland.  Geoderma 8: 139-146

Conry M.J. (1974)  Plaggen Soils: A Review of Man-made Raised Soils.  Soils and Fertilizers  vol.37 no.11.  Commonwealth Bureau of Soils

Davidson D.A., Simpson I.A. (1994) Soils and Landscape History: Case Studies from the Northern Isles of Scotland. In: (Foster S. and Smout T.C. eds.)  The History of Soils and Field Systems.  Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press

FAO (2011) Classification of Organic Soils. www.fao.org/docrep/x5872e/x5872e07.htm

Farnham R.S.,  Finney H.R. (1963) Classification and Properties of Organic Soils. Advan.Agron. 17: 115 – 162

Fraser Darling, Frank (1945) Crofting Agriculture.  Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd

Fraser Darling, Frank (1955) West Highland Survey.  London: Oxford University Press

Glentworth R. (1979)  Observations on the soils of the Outer Hebrides.  In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B vol 77: 123-30

Hammond, R.F. (1981) Peatlands of Ireland.  An Foras Taluntais, Dublin

Hill, M.O., Mountford J.O, Roy D.B., Bunce R.G.H. (1993) Ellenberg’s indicator values for British plants.  In: ECOFACT Countryside Survey 1990 vol.2

Hunter, James (1974) Making of the Crofting Community.  Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers

Illnicki P.,  Zeitz J. (2003) Irreversible Loss of Organic Soil Functions after Reclamation.  In: (Parent L.E. and Illnicki P. eds.) Organic Soils and Peat Materials for Sustainable Agriculture.  Florida, USA: CRC

Klavins M., Sire J., Purmalis O., Melecis V.  (2008) Approaches to estimating humification indicators for peat.  Mires and Peat Vol. 3, Art.07

MacDonald, James (1811) General View of the Agriculture of the Hebrides. Edinburgh.

McDonnell J.G., Farrell E.P. (1984) An Evaluation of Techniques for Measurement of Decomposition in Peat.  7th Annual Peat Congress, Vol.1984: 358-382

Nature Conservancy Council (1988)  Peatland Survey of Caithness and Sutherland.

Norton M. (2009) The Crofting Year. Stornoway, Isle of Lewis: Western Isles Council

Peatscapes Project (2008) Sphagna as Management Indicators.  www.ptyxis.com

Proctor M.C.F., McHuffie H.S., Legg C.J., Amphlett A. (2009)  Evidence from water chemistry as a criterion of ombrotrophy in the mire complexes of Abernethy, Scotland.  Journal of  Vegetation Science, 20: 160-69

Ragg JM and Clayden B (1973) The Classification of Some British Soils according to the Comprehensive System of the United States.  Technical monograph no,3, Harpenden.

Rycroft D.W., Williams, D.J.A., Ingram H.A.P. (1975)  The Transmission of Water through Peat. Journal of Ecology  Vol. 63 No.2 (Jul.1975): 535-556

Schulte, R.P.O., Fealy R., Creamer R.E., Towers W., Harty T., Jones R.J.A. (2012) A review of the role of excess soil moisture conditions in constraining farming practices under Atlantic conditions. Soil Use and Management, December 2012, 28: 580-589

Scottish Natural Heritage (2001) Boglands

Simpson I.A., Bryant R.G. (1998)  Relict Soils and Early Arable Land Management in Lofoten, Norway.  Journal of Archaeological Science (1998) 25: 1185-1198

Skoropanov S.G. (1961) Reclamation and Cultivation of Peat-bog Soils.  Minsk.  (1968) Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations

Smith, Helen (1994)  Middening in the Outer Hebrides: an Ethnoarcheological Investigation.  Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Sheffield

Szajdak L., Szatylowitcz J.  (2007)  Impact of Drainage on Hydrophobicity of Fen-Moorsh Soils.  Mires and Peat: 158-174

USDA (1987) Soil Taxonomy.  US Dept. of Agriculture Handbook no.436